Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources
Armstrong, Louis. We Shall Overcome. People's Songs Bulletin. Charles Albert Tindley, 1960 / 1963.
The following is a song that was an inspiration during the Civil Rights Movement, for those who were engaged in this ongoing war. This song was used on our title page and was the symbol of a period.
Congressman John Lewis on Race and Voting - Civil Rights Movement. Perf. John Lewis. New York Times, 2013. YouTube.
In an interview with John Lewis via the New York Times, Lewis talks about his journey as a civil rights activist and how the journey is still going on today. It helped connect Lewis to the themes.
"Emmett+till - Google Search." Emmett+till - Google Search. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.
This is an image of Emmitt Till. It furthers the timeline for the website.
"Emory to Establish John Lewis Chair in Civil Rights, Social Justice." Atlanta Daily World RSS. N.p., 22 Apr. 2015. Web. 17 May 2015.
This is a primary source article written on Emory's establishment of a John Lewis award. It shows Lewis's continued prevalence among the Civil Rights movement.
"Eyewitness." National Archives and Records Administration. National Archives and Records Administration, n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2014.
The following is a primary source document that confirms the events on "Bloody Sunday" in 1965. The article mentions similar injuries suffered to Lewis during the event, and some of the events that took place that day.
Lewis, John. Across That Bridge: Life Lessons and a Vision for Change. New York: Hyperion, 2012. Print.
This following source is the book that I read for the book review class assignment. It was a primary source and was useful as it provided a basis of information and individual events only the source could provide.
Lewis, John, and Michael D’Orso. Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1998. Print.
This is a primary source autobiography highlighting John Lewis’s life and the Civil Rights Movement. It was essential in the project, providing insights, dates and facts only available through the subject himself.
Lewis, John. “TRANSCRIPT: Rep. John Lewis’s Speech on the 50th Anniversary of the March on Washington.” Washington Post. The Washington Post, 28 Aug. 2013. Web. 14 Dec. 2014
The following is transcript of a speech given by John Lewis in 2013 on the 50 year anniversary of his “March on Washington Speech.” Lewis reflected on the speech and told American how we are still in a current battle for equality. The speech is used within the project.
Lewis, John. “Voices of Democracy | Lewis, “Speech at the March on Washington.” Speech Text.” Voices of Democracy RSS2. The US Oratory Project, n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2014
The following is a transcript of John Lewis’s Speech at the March on Washington (AUGUST 25, 1963) The primary source document was the actual speech he presented, not the original draft that was written beforehand. This is useful because the speech was considered the most controversial made during the day and a potential turning point in the Civil Rights Movement.
Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. "Still Marching on Washington, 50 Years Later." The New York Times. The New York Times, 13 Aug. 2013. Web. 16 Dec. 2014.
The following is a video and article via the New York Times website. The article and video gave good insight into John Lewis's role in the Civil Rights Movement and how he has directly affected us as a nation today. Part of the article is a primary source because it is an interview given by Lewis; however, the article written is a secondary source.
"The Hon. John Lewis Commencement 2015 Address." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 17 May 2015.
This is a primary source commencement speech made by John Lewis. It was useful in showing us how John Lewis continues to affect and influence those in his community today.
Secondary Sources
Bettmann, and Corbis. "March on Washington Leader John Lewis: 'This Is Not a Post-racial Society'" The Guardian. Outbrain, 7 Aug. 2013. Web.
The following website was used for obtaining images of John Lewis during the March on Washington Speech and when Lewis got jailed in Tennessee. The following was used for enhancing and adding cosmetics to our project.
"Biography." Biography. Georgia Sate Government, n.d. Web. 09 Jan. 2015.
The following secondary source is a biography about the life and legacy of John Lewis as a political leader and a civil rights activist. The source was useful in allowing to cross-checking of information. It also provided useful background information.
"Black History Month." Michael Owens - Artist for Freedom. WordPress, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2015.
The following is an image of the continent of Africa, composed of a number of words that relate to black history month. The following image is under our legacy category and was cosmetically helpful to our project.
"The Civil Rights Legend Who's Inspiring a New Generation With Comic Books | WIRED." Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital, n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2015.
The following is an image from a recent cartoon made to talk about John Lewis and his contributions during the Civil Rights Movement. The following image is under our legacy category and was cosmetically appealing for the project. In addition, the written article provided information and quotes for the inspirational legacy section.
"The Civil Rights Movement: 1968-2008, Freedom's Story, TeacherServe®, National Humanities Center." The Civil Rights Movement: 1968-2008, Freedom's Story, TeacherServe®, National Humanities Center. Teacher Serve, n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
This article was a piece done by the National Humanities Center, written by a chief staffer. It was quoted in the legacy section and provided analysis showing exactly how Lewis influenced others, long-term.
"Crosleys When They Were Just Odd." Crosleys When They Were Just Odd. Crosley, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2015
The following is an image of the city of Troy, Alabama sometime in the early 1950's. The image was used on the Background page of our project and was cosmetically appealing for the project.
Dharapak, Charles. "Rep. John Lewis: 'The Voting Rights Act Is Needed Now Like Never Before'" Rep. John Lewis: 'The Voting Rights Act Is Needed Now Like Never Before' Agency Global, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2015.
This is a website used solely for its image of the Voting Rights Act. It was added as cosmetic appeal on the website.
"Fiftieth Anniversary of the March on Washington." USCHS Home. The U.S. Capitol Historical Society, 26 Aug. 2013. Web. 10 Feb. 2015
The following is an image used on the March on Washington Page, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the revolutionary March on Washington Civil Rights Movement. The image was cosmetically beneficial.
Frye, Hardy. "Mississippi Freedom Summer." CRMVET. N.p., n.d. Web.
The following was a series of images used under the Mississippi Freedom Summer Page. The images depicted scenes from the events that enfolded and these elements were cosmetically appealing for the website.
"History.com." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 04 Feb. 2015. History.com was used for obtaining a secondary source image of Ralph Abernathy , James Forman, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, Reverend Jesse Douglas, and John Lewis in the Selma to Montgomery March.
The image was used on the home page and was the background for all our pages. The picture was helpful in depicting Lewis alongside other reformers, effectively placing him in his time period.
"John Lewis: An American Saint." Jstor. Journal of Blacks of Higher Education, n.d. Web.
This is a secondary source used to gain surplus information. It is a reliable fact source and a quick synopsis of the central character for the overall project, but is biased on opinionated sentiment.
“John Lewis Biography” Johnlewishouse. Johnlewis.house.gov, n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2014.
This is a secondary source short biography. For this purpose, it was used to cross-check other articles and ensure the facts were correct and sources credible.
"Lawson, James (1928- ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed." Lawson, James (1928- ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed. Humanities Washington, n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2015.
The following source was used to obtain a digital image of Rev. James Lawson as he was being arrested in Tennessee in 1960. The image was used on our Background page as there was some reference to Lawson and his influence to Lewis. It was cosmetically appealing for the project.
"Lawson, James (1928- ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed." Lawson, James (1928- ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed. Humanities Washington, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2015.
The following was used on the Background page and is an image of Rev. James Lawson. It was useful as cosmetic appeal on the project.
Lyon, Danny. "Come Let Us Build a World Together." Understanding Society. World Press, n.d. Web.
The following is an image with the slogan "Come Let Us Build a World Together" which became a popular poster for the Civil Rights Movement during this timer period. It was useful for cosmetic appeal.
"Mississippi Freedom Summer 50th." Mississippi Freedom Summer 50th. Freedom 50th, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2015.
The following was an image relating to the Mississippi Freedom Summer and was used on that respect page under the Leadership category. It was useful for cosmetic appeal.
Muro, Michael Del. "Civil Rights (1800-1956)." Civil Rights (1800-1956). LinkedIn Corporation, 24 Feb. 2009. Web. 12 Feb. 2015.de
The following is a slide share document on the Lewis in context page that describes how Lewis fits in context in regards to the Civil Rights Movement. It was scrapped from the project, but it still provided some contextual information.
"NAACP History: Mary White Ovington." NAACP History: Mary White Ovington. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.
The following is an image of Mary White Ovington to further develop the timeline for our project.
"National Archives and Records Administration." National Archives and Records Administration. National Archives and Records Administration, n.d. Web. 04 Feb. 2015.
The National Archives was used to obtain a number of different images. include an image of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. It was useful for cosmetic appeal.
“National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).” National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Stanford University, n.d. Web. 07 Jan. 2015.
This is a secondary source informational piece from Stanford University. It was used in this review to simply confirm that, though Lewis favors SNCC, the NAACP is the universally recognizable force in Civil Rights.
"Racial Segregation in US." Wkipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web.
This was a secondary source article on Wikipedia. It was used only for a picture featured in the project. The 1937 Leland "Blacks only" theater picture came from this source.
"Ronald Reagan Veto Overridden, March 22, 1988." Opinion:. Capitol News Company, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.
The following is an image depicting, "Edward Kennedy talks with Orrin Hatch and Lowell Weicker, all senators, after the senate voted 73-24 to override then-President Ronald Reagan's veto of the Civil Rights Restoration Act." and was used to further develop our timeline.
Selma. Dir. Ava DuVernay. By Paul Webb. Perf. David Oyelowo, Carmen Ejogo, Tim Roth. Brad Pitt's Plan B Entertainment, 2015. Film.
The following film focused on the events leading up to and including Bloody Sunday. The movie helped us get some context into the Civil Rights Movement, and gave us information about Lewis and his partners.
"SNCC Button." California Newsreel. N.p., n.d. Web.
The following is an image of a button used for adverting the SNCC during ther 60's. The following image was used on the SNCC contribution page and the Growth of the Movement page. It was useful for cosmetic appeal.
"SNCC-People: John Lewis." SNCC-People: John Lewis., n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2015.
The following is a biography about the life and legacy of John Lewis as a political leader and a civil rights activist. The source was useful in that it allowed cross-checking of information from John Lewis books.
"Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education." Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.
The following is an image of bus riots in regards to Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education. It was useful for cosmetic appeal.
"US Civil Rights Movement (1942-1968)." Movements and Campaigns. Nonviolence Organization, n.d. Web. 07 Jan. 2015.
This is a secondary source from a website and organization that specializes in the historical Civil Rights movement. In this instance, it is used for its sections mentioning Lewis and others which proves he is an important piece in the overall movement.
Primary Sources
Armstrong, Louis. We Shall Overcome. People's Songs Bulletin. Charles Albert Tindley, 1960 / 1963.
The following is a song that was an inspiration during the Civil Rights Movement, for those who were engaged in this ongoing war. This song was used on our title page and was the symbol of a period.
Congressman John Lewis on Race and Voting - Civil Rights Movement. Perf. John Lewis. New York Times, 2013. YouTube.
In an interview with John Lewis via the New York Times, Lewis talks about his journey as a civil rights activist and how the journey is still going on today. It helped connect Lewis to the themes.
"Emmett+till - Google Search." Emmett+till - Google Search. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.
This is an image of Emmitt Till. It furthers the timeline for the website.
"Emory to Establish John Lewis Chair in Civil Rights, Social Justice." Atlanta Daily World RSS. N.p., 22 Apr. 2015. Web. 17 May 2015.
This is a primary source article written on Emory's establishment of a John Lewis award. It shows Lewis's continued prevalence among the Civil Rights movement.
"Eyewitness." National Archives and Records Administration. National Archives and Records Administration, n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2014.
The following is a primary source document that confirms the events on "Bloody Sunday" in 1965. The article mentions similar injuries suffered to Lewis during the event, and some of the events that took place that day.
Lewis, John. Across That Bridge: Life Lessons and a Vision for Change. New York: Hyperion, 2012. Print.
This following source is the book that I read for the book review class assignment. It was a primary source and was useful as it provided a basis of information and individual events only the source could provide.
Lewis, John, and Michael D’Orso. Walking with the Wind: A Memoir of the Movement. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 1998. Print.
This is a primary source autobiography highlighting John Lewis’s life and the Civil Rights Movement. It was essential in the project, providing insights, dates and facts only available through the subject himself.
Lewis, John. “TRANSCRIPT: Rep. John Lewis’s Speech on the 50th Anniversary of the March on Washington.” Washington Post. The Washington Post, 28 Aug. 2013. Web. 14 Dec. 2014
The following is transcript of a speech given by John Lewis in 2013 on the 50 year anniversary of his “March on Washington Speech.” Lewis reflected on the speech and told American how we are still in a current battle for equality. The speech is used within the project.
Lewis, John. “Voices of Democracy | Lewis, “Speech at the March on Washington.” Speech Text.” Voices of Democracy RSS2. The US Oratory Project, n.d. Web. 14 Dec. 2014
The following is a transcript of John Lewis’s Speech at the March on Washington (AUGUST 25, 1963) The primary source document was the actual speech he presented, not the original draft that was written beforehand. This is useful because the speech was considered the most controversial made during the day and a potential turning point in the Civil Rights Movement.
Stolberg, Sheryl Gay. "Still Marching on Washington, 50 Years Later." The New York Times. The New York Times, 13 Aug. 2013. Web. 16 Dec. 2014.
The following is a video and article via the New York Times website. The article and video gave good insight into John Lewis's role in the Civil Rights Movement and how he has directly affected us as a nation today. Part of the article is a primary source because it is an interview given by Lewis; however, the article written is a secondary source.
"The Hon. John Lewis Commencement 2015 Address." YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 17 May 2015.
This is a primary source commencement speech made by John Lewis. It was useful in showing us how John Lewis continues to affect and influence those in his community today.
Secondary Sources
Bettmann, and Corbis. "March on Washington Leader John Lewis: 'This Is Not a Post-racial Society'" The Guardian. Outbrain, 7 Aug. 2013. Web.
The following website was used for obtaining images of John Lewis during the March on Washington Speech and when Lewis got jailed in Tennessee. The following was used for enhancing and adding cosmetics to our project.
"Biography." Biography. Georgia Sate Government, n.d. Web. 09 Jan. 2015.
The following secondary source is a biography about the life and legacy of John Lewis as a political leader and a civil rights activist. The source was useful in allowing to cross-checking of information. It also provided useful background information.
"Black History Month." Michael Owens - Artist for Freedom. WordPress, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2015.
The following is an image of the continent of Africa, composed of a number of words that relate to black history month. The following image is under our legacy category and was cosmetically helpful to our project.
"The Civil Rights Legend Who's Inspiring a New Generation With Comic Books | WIRED." Wired.com. Conde Nast Digital, n.d. Web. 12 Feb. 2015.
The following is an image from a recent cartoon made to talk about John Lewis and his contributions during the Civil Rights Movement. The following image is under our legacy category and was cosmetically appealing for the project. In addition, the written article provided information and quotes for the inspirational legacy section.
"The Civil Rights Movement: 1968-2008, Freedom's Story, TeacherServe®, National Humanities Center." The Civil Rights Movement: 1968-2008, Freedom's Story, TeacherServe®, National Humanities Center. Teacher Serve, n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2015.
This article was a piece done by the National Humanities Center, written by a chief staffer. It was quoted in the legacy section and provided analysis showing exactly how Lewis influenced others, long-term.
"Crosleys When They Were Just Odd." Crosleys When They Were Just Odd. Crosley, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2015
The following is an image of the city of Troy, Alabama sometime in the early 1950's. The image was used on the Background page of our project and was cosmetically appealing for the project.
Dharapak, Charles. "Rep. John Lewis: 'The Voting Rights Act Is Needed Now Like Never Before'" Rep. John Lewis: 'The Voting Rights Act Is Needed Now Like Never Before' Agency Global, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2015.
This is a website used solely for its image of the Voting Rights Act. It was added as cosmetic appeal on the website.
"Fiftieth Anniversary of the March on Washington." USCHS Home. The U.S. Capitol Historical Society, 26 Aug. 2013. Web. 10 Feb. 2015
The following is an image used on the March on Washington Page, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the revolutionary March on Washington Civil Rights Movement. The image was cosmetically beneficial.
Frye, Hardy. "Mississippi Freedom Summer." CRMVET. N.p., n.d. Web.
The following was a series of images used under the Mississippi Freedom Summer Page. The images depicted scenes from the events that enfolded and these elements were cosmetically appealing for the website.
"History.com." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 04 Feb. 2015. History.com was used for obtaining a secondary source image of Ralph Abernathy , James Forman, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr, Reverend Jesse Douglas, and John Lewis in the Selma to Montgomery March.
The image was used on the home page and was the background for all our pages. The picture was helpful in depicting Lewis alongside other reformers, effectively placing him in his time period.
"John Lewis: An American Saint." Jstor. Journal of Blacks of Higher Education, n.d. Web.
This is a secondary source used to gain surplus information. It is a reliable fact source and a quick synopsis of the central character for the overall project, but is biased on opinionated sentiment.
“John Lewis Biography” Johnlewishouse. Johnlewis.house.gov, n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2014.
This is a secondary source short biography. For this purpose, it was used to cross-check other articles and ensure the facts were correct and sources credible.
"Lawson, James (1928- ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed." Lawson, James (1928- ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed. Humanities Washington, n.d. Web. 09 Feb. 2015.
The following source was used to obtain a digital image of Rev. James Lawson as he was being arrested in Tennessee in 1960. The image was used on our Background page as there was some reference to Lawson and his influence to Lewis. It was cosmetically appealing for the project.
"Lawson, James (1928- ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed." Lawson, James (1928- ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed. Humanities Washington, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2015.
The following was used on the Background page and is an image of Rev. James Lawson. It was useful as cosmetic appeal on the project.
Lyon, Danny. "Come Let Us Build a World Together." Understanding Society. World Press, n.d. Web.
The following is an image with the slogan "Come Let Us Build a World Together" which became a popular poster for the Civil Rights Movement during this timer period. It was useful for cosmetic appeal.
"Mississippi Freedom Summer 50th." Mississippi Freedom Summer 50th. Freedom 50th, n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2015.
The following was an image relating to the Mississippi Freedom Summer and was used on that respect page under the Leadership category. It was useful for cosmetic appeal.
Muro, Michael Del. "Civil Rights (1800-1956)." Civil Rights (1800-1956). LinkedIn Corporation, 24 Feb. 2009. Web. 12 Feb. 2015.de
The following is a slide share document on the Lewis in context page that describes how Lewis fits in context in regards to the Civil Rights Movement. It was scrapped from the project, but it still provided some contextual information.
"NAACP History: Mary White Ovington." NAACP History: Mary White Ovington. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.
The following is an image of Mary White Ovington to further develop the timeline for our project.
"National Archives and Records Administration." National Archives and Records Administration. National Archives and Records Administration, n.d. Web. 04 Feb. 2015.
The National Archives was used to obtain a number of different images. include an image of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. It was useful for cosmetic appeal.
“National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP).” National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Stanford University, n.d. Web. 07 Jan. 2015.
This is a secondary source informational piece from Stanford University. It was used in this review to simply confirm that, though Lewis favors SNCC, the NAACP is the universally recognizable force in Civil Rights.
"Racial Segregation in US." Wkipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web.
This was a secondary source article on Wikipedia. It was used only for a picture featured in the project. The 1937 Leland "Blacks only" theater picture came from this source.
"Ronald Reagan Veto Overridden, March 22, 1988." Opinion:. Capitol News Company, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.
The following is an image depicting, "Edward Kennedy talks with Orrin Hatch and Lowell Weicker, all senators, after the senate voted 73-24 to override then-President Ronald Reagan's veto of the Civil Rights Restoration Act." and was used to further develop our timeline.
Selma. Dir. Ava DuVernay. By Paul Webb. Perf. David Oyelowo, Carmen Ejogo, Tim Roth. Brad Pitt's Plan B Entertainment, 2015. Film.
The following film focused on the events leading up to and including Bloody Sunday. The movie helped us get some context into the Civil Rights Movement, and gave us information about Lewis and his partners.
"SNCC Button." California Newsreel. N.p., n.d. Web.
The following is an image of a button used for adverting the SNCC during ther 60's. The following image was used on the SNCC contribution page and the Growth of the Movement page. It was useful for cosmetic appeal.
"SNCC-People: John Lewis." SNCC-People: John Lewis., n.d. Web. 06 Jan. 2015.
The following is a biography about the life and legacy of John Lewis as a political leader and a civil rights activist. The source was useful in that it allowed cross-checking of information from John Lewis books.
"Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education." Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2015.
The following is an image of bus riots in regards to Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education. It was useful for cosmetic appeal.
"US Civil Rights Movement (1942-1968)." Movements and Campaigns. Nonviolence Organization, n.d. Web. 07 Jan. 2015.
This is a secondary source from a website and organization that specializes in the historical Civil Rights movement. In this instance, it is used for its sections mentioning Lewis and others which proves he is an important piece in the overall movement.